What term describes a formal request made to a court to obtain a ruling?

The term describing a formal request made to a court to obtain a ruling is "motions." In legal practice, a motion is often used by a party to request a specific ruling or order from the court regarding various matters, such as procedural issues or substantive legal questions. Motions may cover a broad range of requests, including requests for summary judgment, dismissal of a case, or other temporary orders.

"Withdrawal from Representation" refers to an attorney or lawyer ceasing to represent a client, which does not pertain to making a request for a court ruling.

"Pleadings" are the written documents filed with the court that outline each party's claims or defenses in a legal action and do not serve as requests for a court ruling. They set the framework for the dispute but are distinct from motions, which specifically seek a court's intervention.

"Discovery" is a pre-trial procedure where parties exchange information and evidence relevant to the case, allowing them to prepare for trial. While it encompasses important aspects of litigation, it does not involve making formal requests to the court for rulings.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why "motions" is the correct answer, as it directly involves the act of requesting a decision from the court.